Common Phrases
Greetings
| English | µ | Roman |
| Hi | tiO-I | tiO-I |
| Bye | YtiO-I | YtiO-I |
| Hello | te-rUI | te-rUI |
| Good-bye | Yte-rUI | Yte-rUI |
| Good morning | rUm pikA | rUm pikA |
| Good evening | rUm tYniA | rUm tYniA |
| Good night | rUm yiA | rUm yiA |
| Welcome | rOg-te | rOg-te |
| Welcome back | rOg-te typ | rOg-te tYp |
| Pleasure to meet you | rO tubev bu | rO tubev bu |
| Pleasure is mine | rO Uc fums | rO Uc fums |
| My name is____ | fum fUI Uc ___ | fum fUI Uc___ |
| How are you? (You are how?) | bu qc hUm? | bu Øc hUm? |
| How are you feeling? (You feel how?) | bu Ov hUm? | bu Ov hUm? |
| How’s it going? (It’s going how?) | sE’c cevAm hUm? | sE’c cevAm hUm? |
| How are (existing) things? (Things are how?) | yIn cEs Qc hUm? | yIn cEs Øc hUm? |
| I am well, thanks | fu qc rog, YtOr | fu Øc rog, YtOr |
| I’m fine (in good condition), and you? | fu qc rqm, Ib bu? | fu Øc rØm, Ib bu? |
| I’m not feel(ing) good. | fu Yc Ov rQm. | fu Yc Ov rØm. |
| What’s new? | hE’c fAvm? | hE’c fAvm? |
| Where do you live? (You live where?) | bu ov ham? | bu ov ham? |
| Where do you come from? (You come whence?) | bu tev ha-Yt? | bu tev ha-Yt? |
| (Will) see you again soon. | iO-tAv bu kfA tYnAm | iO-tAv bu kfA tYnAm |
| Until next time | At bYpAm A | At bYpAm A |
Phrases
| What’s going on? | hE’c cevAm? | hE’c cevAm? |
| What’s happening? | hE’c cYvAm? | hE’c cYvAm? |
| What happened? | hE cYvpAv? | hE cYvpAv?* |
| What are you up to today? (You do what today?) | bu Ev hE fiAm? | bu Ev hE fiAm? |
| Ready? | vrAm? | vrAm? |
| What’s (the) news? | hE’c fAvUI? | hE’c fAvUI? |
| Good news! | rUm fAvUI! | rUm fAvUI! |
| That’s great. | pfE’c nErUm! | pfE’c nErUm! |
| Sorry to hear that. | YkrOm IOv pfE | YkrOm IOv pfE |
| I have been busy. | bu fu fApAc ruvem | fu fApAc ruvem |
| I have to (must) leave. | fu wYv fYtav | fu wYv fYtav |
| Please! | tOr! | tOr! |
| Thanks! | YtOr! | YtOr! |
| Thank you! | YtOrv bu! | YtOrv bu! |
| You’re welcome! | bu’c rUg-tem! | bu’c rUg-tem! |
| Gladly! | rOgqm! | rOgØm! |
| With pleasure | eb rO | eb rO |
| Sorry! | YkrOm! | YkrOm! |
| Excuse me! | tvYg-YtUrv! | tvYg-YtUrv! |
| My apology | fum trYrUI | fum trYrUI |
| I apologize | fu Yrv-trOv / trYrUIv | fu Yrv-trOv / trYrUIv |
| Pardon me! | vYr-trOrv fu | vYr-trOrv fu |
| Please forgive me | tOr vYr-trUv fu | tOr vYr-trUv fu |
| No worries | Yc Yn-YrvUrv! | Yc Yn-YrvUrv! |
| One moment | 1 YnAms | â YnAms |
| Good luck! | rUm rq! | rUm rØ! |
| Right? (correct) | trUm? | trUm? |
| My God! | fum kU! | fum kU! |
| I know | fu gUv | fu gUv |
| I don’t know | fu Yc gUv | fu Yc gUv |
| I don’t care | fu Yc Otev | fu Yc Otev |
| Yes | Ur | Ur |
| No | Yr | Yr |
| Have courage! | ferv tUwO! | ferv tUwO! |
*Note: In the example, cYv-pAv hE?, the passive Yv is part of the word’s definition (‘happen’ is a passive occurrence) so it stays with the original word cYv when the past ending -pAv is added, otherwise it would indicate a passive construction.
300 Minimal Vocabulary
Essential Nouns, Verbs, & Modifiers
- Always keep in mind that aUI does not ‘do’ homonyms. That is, if an English word is a homonym having different meanings then there will be different formulations for each of these in aUI. The formulation which will give you a clue to which meaning is meant. This list contains the most common usages but there still are many homonyms with common different meanings.
- This is a list of about 300 minimal, essential words for basic conversation that include formulations of more than 4 elements.
- For this list the shorter variations of word formulations were chosen; others can be found on the official aUI dictionary.
- The full list of roots (or bases) of 4 or fewer elements can be found below in the Comprehensive List of Bases.
- Verbs have the v v, Action ending.
- Modifiers (adjectives & adverbs) take the modifier ending m m, Quality.
- Pronoun, Preposition & Conjunction forms are found in their own tables.
- Note: words* with asterisks can be considered abbreviations or colloquial forms that also have slightly longer, more formal or precise versions.
| Main Concept | Roman | Derivative | µ | English |
| a | as | as | place | |
| av | av | to go | ||
| ogav | ogav | to walk | ||
| nav | nav | to run | ||
| vav | vav | to send | ||
| az | side | |||
| A | Az | (time) period | ||
| iAz | iAz | hour | ||
| ziAz | ziAz | minute | ||
| YtAm | YtAm | since | ||
| 1 | âmØm | 1mqm | single | |
| âUbêm | either | |||
| fâzUm | special | |||
| b | ||||
| bam | bam | near | ||
| baLm | about, around (nearly) | |||
| Ybam | Ybam | far | ||
| bav | bav | to have | ||
| Abav | Abav | to hold | ||
| bâv | b1v | to join | ||
| bEn | bEn | earth | ||
| bEna | land | |||
| bEnaz | area | |||
| bEk | mountain | |||
| bEtak-vev | bEtakvev | to build | ||
| bIb | also | |||
| bô | b5 | hand | ||
| bOxu | bOXu | family | ||
| bun | bun | company | ||
| bjOrve-bun | team | |||
| bU-bun | bUbun | community | ||
| roxbun | roxbun | society | ||
| (rO)-bunz | (fun) party | |||
| buz | member | |||
| et-bev | to reach | |||
| tabem | tabem | together | ||
| tabev | tabev | to meet | ||
| teb-nYz | total | |||
| tUb | system | |||
| Ynsab | group (things) | |||
| Ynub | Ynub | group (people) | ||
| c | ca | ca | world | |
| Eca | material world | |||
| cAv | cAv | to last | ||
| cEm | cEm | real | ||
| cEmØm | really | |||
| cEv | to exist | |||
| cev | ‘going on’, happen | |||
| cnA-bav | CnA-bav | to keep | ||
| cnAm | CnAm | always | ||
| YcnAm | YCnAm | never | ||
| ctvAv | ctvAv | to preserve, keep | ||
| cO | cO | sense | ||
| ELcØ | ELcq | state (condition) | ||
| cYv | cYv | to happen | ||
| d | da | da | way (path) | |
| eda | eda | road | ||
| ueda | street | |||
| dav | dav | to travel | ||
| davev | davev | to drive (on a way) | ||
| des | des | machine | ||
| Udrem | Udrem | easy | ||
| Udrem | UYdrem | difficult | ||
| dEv | dEv | to use | ||
| dEvu | dEvu | user | ||
| dugai | window | |||
| eta-dEv | to apply | |||
| dYv | dYv | to let | ||
| A-dvU | A-dvU | process | ||
| ugwed | ugwed | car | ||
| vEd | tool | |||
| e | em | moving | ||
| ne | speed | |||
| nem | nem | fast, quick | ||
| yem | Yem | still, motionless | ||
| Ynem | Ynem | slow | ||
| ev | ev | to move | ||
| nev | to speed | |||
| E | Ems | material | ||
| iE | iE | fire | ||
| iEm | iEm | hot | ||
| yiEm | YiEm | cold | ||
| iEv | iEv | to burn | ||
| f | fam | fam | here | |
| pfam | pfam | there (before mentioned place, in front) | ||
| Yfam | there (other place) | |||
| fAm | fAm | now | ||
| fAtom | fA-tom | young | ||
| fAvm | fAvm | new | ||
| fAv-UI | fAv-UI | news | ||
| pfAm | pfAm | then (before mentioned time) | ||
| tfAm | still, yet | |||
| Ud-fAm | already | |||
| YfAm | then (other time) | |||
| fev | fev | to take | ||
| Ytnâ-fev | Ytn1-fev | choose | ||
| fiA | fiA | today (n.) | ||
| fiAm | fiAm | today | ||
| fiAt | fiAt | tomorrow | ||
| pfiA | pfiA | yesterday | ||
| âfU | individual | |||
| g | ga | ga | room | |
| uga | uga | house | ||
| fuga | home | |||
| Ygam | Ygam | outside, outdoors | ||
| gad | gad | container | ||
| gav | gav | to contain | ||
| gaYfm | instead | |||
| vEz-gav | to include | |||
| ged | ged | vehicle | ||
| gE | gE | content | ||
| gEm | gEm | full | ||
| gEv | gEv | to fill | ||
| gO | gO | taste | ||
| gOv | to taste | |||
| gU | gU | knowledge | ||
| gUa | gUa | school | ||
| gUse | information | |||
| gUv | gUv | to know | ||
| gUw | gUw | science | ||
| betgUz | class | |||
| et-gUv | etgUv | to study | ||
| et-gUvu | etgUvu | student | ||
| EsgUv | EsgUv | to mean | ||
| Ot-gU | OtgU | interest | ||
| Ot-gUm | OtgUm | interesting | ||
| retgUv | retgUv | to learn | ||
| vetgUv | vetgUv | to teach | ||
| vetgUvu | vetgUvu | teacher | ||
| uYg | uYg | clothes | ||
| fyUgm | however | |||
| Ugs | Ugs | book | ||
| h | hI | hI | question | |
| hIv | hIv | to question, ask | ||
| YhI | YhI | answer | ||
| YhIv | YhIv | to answer | ||
| hO | hO | doubt | ||
| hOm | hOm | doubtful | ||
| hOv | hOv | to doubt | ||
| YhO | YhO | certainty | ||
| YhOm | YhOm | sure | ||
| hYt-be | problem | |||
| i | im | im | light, bright | |
| dim | dim | clear | ||
| nim | bright | |||
| iv | to shine | |||
| iA | iA | day | ||
| ikA | ikA | noon | ||
| pikA | pikA | morning | ||
| yiA | yiA | night | ||
| iO | iO | sight | ||
| iOv | iOv | to see | ||
| tiOv | tiOv | to look | ||
| AtiOv | AtiOv | to watch | ||
| viOv | viOv | to show | ||
| UiOv | UiOv | to read | ||
| vUiOv | vUiOv | to write | ||
| Oiv | Oiv | to seem | ||
| tOiv | to appear | |||
| iOz | eye | |||
| I | IO | IO | hearing | |
| IOv | IOv | to hear | ||
| IOz | ear | |||
| brIv | brIv | to sing | ||
| nIm | nIm | loud | ||
| YnIm | Yn-Im | soft, quiet | ||
| udIv | udIv | to call (phone) | ||
| UI | UI | word | ||
| UIv | UIv | to speak, talk | ||
| fUI | fUI | name | ||
| nUI | nUI | language | ||
| sUIv | to say | |||
| tUIv | to tell | |||
| j | jam | jam | same | |
| Yjam | Yjam | different | ||
| jAfm | just (now) | |||
| jE | jE | liquid | ||
| jEg | bottle | |||
| jEk | cloud | |||
| jE-kam | level | |||
| jEn | jEn | water | ||
| ejEn | ejEn | river | ||
| jEv | jEv | to drink | ||
| jOm | jOm | alike | ||
| jiOs | jiOs | image | ||
| jUfm | even (also) | |||
| jUm | jUm | equal | ||
| YjUm | YjUm | unequal | ||
| YjUv | YjUv | to differ | ||
| bjUv | bjUv | to agree | ||
| jwUrm | jwUrm | right | ||
| jwUs | law | |||
| cEjUm | cEjUm | true | ||
| cEjU-rOv | to believe | |||
| tYjev | tYjev | to change | ||
| k | kam | kam | high | |
| Ykam | Ykam | low | ||
| tYkam | tYkam | down | ||
| Ykaz | base | |||
| kan | kan | sky | ||
| kav | kav | to stand | ||
| Ykav | Ykav | to lie (down) | ||
| kaz | top | |||
| kvad | kvad | table | ||
| kE | kE | gas | ||
| kEn | kEn | air | ||
| ki | ki | star | ||
| âki | 1ki | sun | ||
| âkiA | 1kiA | year | ||
| êki | 2ki | moon | ||
| êkiA | 2kiA | month | ||
| ku | superior, leader | |||
| kunvev | to manage | |||
| kunvevu | manager | |||
| kU | God | |||
| skwEr | support | |||
| L | Lam | Lam | round | |
| Las | Las | ball | ||
| Led | Led | wheel | ||
| tLev | tLev | to turn | ||
| m | ma | ma | form | |
| maL | maL | circle | ||
| mi | mi | color | ||
| mU | mU | quality | ||
| mUd | manner, mode, way | |||
| mUiv | mUiv | to describe | ||
| mUz | kind | |||
| n | na | dimension | ||
| una | una | country | ||
| nam | nam | big | ||
| knam | knam | great (size) | ||
| Ynam | Ynam | small | ||
| nânam | n1nam | long | ||
| ynânam | Yn1nnam | short | ||
| ânas | line | |||
| ênam | flat | |||
| ênaE | paper | |||
| nA | nA | a long time | ||
| nAm | nAm | long (temporal) | ||
| nAnm | nAnm | often | ||
| nEk-tev | nEk-tev | to increase | ||
| an | an | size | ||
| ben | ben | amount | ||
| mUn | mUn | number | ||
| snEn | (a) lot | |||
| teb-nUv | to add | |||
| o | ov | ov | to live | |
| od | od | food | ||
| dov | dov | to eat | ||
| eo | eo | animal | ||
| io | io | plant | ||
| iod | vegetable | |||
| kio | kio | tree | ||
| nio | grass | |||
| nio-ba | nioba | park (garden) | ||
| uioba | uioba | garden | ||
| og | og | body | ||
| ogU | ogU | mind | ||
| os | os | living thing, animal | ||
| bos | domestic animal | |||
| bros | pet | |||
| ot | ot | fruit | ||
| o-tnEv | o-tnEv | to grow | ||
| LoYt | egg | |||
| to | seed | |||
| voz | voz | sex | ||
| yo | yo | death | ||
| yom | yom | dead | ||
| O | Oe | Oe | excitement | |
| Oem | Oem | excited | ||
| Ov | Ov | to feel | ||
| rO | rO | pleasure | ||
| rOm | rOm | pleasant | ||
| rOv | to feel good | |||
| rOvev | rOvev | to play | ||
| rOvevu | rOvevu | player | ||
| rOvevUs | game | |||
| rO-Yv | rOYv | to enjoy | ||
| YrO | YrO | displeasure | ||
| YrOm | YrOm | unpleasant | ||
| brO | brO | love (affection) | ||
| brOm | brOm | dear | ||
| brOv | brOv | to love | ||
| krO | krO | happiness | ||
| krOm | krOm | happy | ||
| srOv | srOv | to like (a thing) | ||
| UrO | joy | |||
| UrOm | happy, joyful | |||
| p | pam | pam | front | |
| Ypam | Ypam | back | ||
| prav | prav | to lead | ||
| pravu | pravu | leader | ||
| pA | pA | past | ||
| pAm | pAm | past | ||
| prAm | prAm | early | ||
| pA-tom | pAtom | old | ||
| YprAm | YprAm | late | ||
| Yp-nAm | YpnAm | last | ||
| Yp-nAzm | final | |||
| Yp-num | private | |||
| pev | pe | to begin, start | ||
| pnev | pnev | to win | ||
| pO | expectation | |||
| pOv | to expect | |||
| prav | prav | to lead | ||
| bYpam | bYpam | next (in space) | ||
| bYpav | bYpav | to follow | ||
| bYpAm | next (in time) | |||
| bYpAv | to follow (in time) | |||
| Ap-iOsev | to provide | |||
| pwUm | main | |||
| pwUrm | pwUrm | important | ||
| r | rev | rev | to work (function) | |
| rE | rE | metal | ||
| rEtsev | rEtsev | to buy | ||
| rEtseva | store | |||
| drE | drE | money | ||
| drEts | price | |||
| drEv | drEv | to pay | ||
| drE-Yv | to cost | |||
| strEv | strEv | to sell | ||
| strEva | market | |||
| riO | riO | beauty | ||
| riOm | riOm | beautiful | ||
| ro | ro | health | ||
| rom | rom | healthy | ||
| Yrom | Yrom | sick, ill | ||
| rOb | harmony | |||
| rU | rU | goodness | ||
| rUg | rUg | well | ||
| rØm | good (condition) | |||
| rUm | rUm | good | ||
| nEk-rUm | better | |||
| nEk-rUtEv | to improve | |||
| pnEk-rUm | best | |||
| rUO | rUO | trust | ||
| rUOv | rUOv | to trust | ||
| rUt-Ev | rUt-Ev | to serve | ||
| rUt-Evs | service | |||
| Ur | Ur | yes | ||
| nUr | nUr | value | ||
| vrAm | vrAm | ready | ||
| Yr | Yr | no | ||
| YrØm | Yrqm | bad | ||
| YrU | YrU | evil | ||
| YrUm | YrUm | evil | ||
| s | as | as | place | |
| sav* | sav | to put | ||
| sev* | sev | to give | ||
| tsev | tsev | to offer | ||
| vet-sev | vet-sev | to bring | ||
| vUtse | vUt-se | decision | ||
| vUtsev | vUt-sev | to decide | ||
| sYv | sYv | to receive | ||
| Es | Es | thing | ||
| us | us | person | ||
| Us | Us | thought | ||
| t | tabev | to meet | ||
| tube | meeting | |||
| tadem | tadem | open | ||
| tvadev | tvadev | to open | ||
| tvYdav | tvYdav | to close | ||
| tA | tA | future | ||
| tAm | tAm | future | ||
| tA-bev | tAbev | to continue | ||
| tAv-mav | to plan | |||
| ctAv | ctAv | to stay, remain | ||
| tev | tev | to come | ||
| atev | to approach | |||
| Otev | Otev | to care | ||
| Ytev | Ytev | to go, leave | ||
| tEv | tEv | to become | ||
| torv | torv | to help | ||
| trewev | trewev | to exercise | ||
| tsO | tsO | want | ||
| tsOv | tsOv | to want | ||
| tsU | purpose | |||
| tsUs | result | |||
| tUw | effort | |||
| tUvmav | to design | |||
| tvev | tvev | to try | ||
| twam | twam | possible | ||
| tYg-mav | to develop | |||
| tYg-mavØ | development | |||
| tYp-tev | tYp-tev | to return | ||
| tYg-vEs | product | |||
| tYg-vEv | to produce | |||
| tYv | tYv | to get (as receive) | ||
| bUtm | almost | |||
| YtUm | YtUm | original | ||
| YtUw | YtUw | reason | ||
| u | uba | uba | town | |
| nuba | nuba | city | ||
| nuwa | nuwa | nation | ||
| nuwam | nuwam | national | ||
| nuwem | nuwe | political | ||
| us | us | person | ||
| ut | ut | adult | ||
| bru | bru | friend | ||
| kwu | kwu | boss | ||
| pnu | pnu | public | ||
| pnum | pnum | public | ||
| pwu | president | |||
| tu | tu | child | ||
| Ytu | Ytu | parent | ||
| U | Uv | Uv | to think | |
| LUv | LUv | to consider | ||
| Utev | Utev | to find | ||
| brU | brU | peace | ||
| Yd-brU | YdbrU | war | ||
| iUs | iUs | idea | ||
| iUv | iUv | to understand | ||
| v | vav | vav | to send | |
| vavs | vavs | parcel | ||
| ved | ved | motor | ||
| vev | vev | to drive (make move) | ||
| vUv | vUv | to act | ||
| ruve | business | |||
| w | wam | wam | able | |
| Ywam | Ywam | unable | ||
| wav | wav | can, be able | ||
| Uwas | Uwas | office | ||
| wei | electricity | |||
| wE | wE | hardness, stone | ||
| wEm | wEm | hard | ||
| wEz | wEz | rock | ||
| kwE | kwE | wall | ||
| wo | wo | strength | ||
| wom | wom | strong | ||
| Ywom | Ywom | weak | ||
| wU | wU | power | ||
| wUm | wUm | powerful | ||
| wUv | wUv | to create | ||
| rOwU | rOwU | art | ||
| brIO-wU | brIO-wU | music | ||
| kwUv | kwUv | to control | ||
| wYd | wYd | weapon | ||
| wYv | wYv | must | ||
| ew | energy | |||
| fUwem | fUwem | free | ||
| uwev | to labor | |||
| ruwev | ruwev | to work | ||
| ruwevu | ruwevu | worker | ||
| Am-ruwevs | Am-ruwevs | job | ||
| Y | Yc | Yc | not | |
| z | zE | zE | part | |
| YzEm | YzEm | whole | ||
| zwEv | zwEv | to break | ||
| âbzam | simple | |||
| bzUv | to share | |||
| dzE | dzE | cut | ||
| dzEv | dzEv | to cut | ||
| wozam | wozam | right (side) | ||
| Ywozam | Ywozam | left (side) |
| Main Concept | Roman | Derivative | µ | English |
| a | aYt | off | ||
| az | side | |||
| bEna | land | |||
| bEnaz | area | |||
| tEv-mas | site | |||
| vavaS | address | |||
| yecas | station | |||
| A | Az | (time) period | ||
| 7iA | week | |||
| bAx-tape | course (of events) | |||
| n1kiA | summer | |||
| Yn1kiA | winter | |||
| nAd | clock | |||
| p1kiA | spring | |||
| Y-p1kiA | autumn | |||
| pA-tUI | record | |||
| pYnAm | recent | |||
| qomAz | stage (of life) | |||
| rAyev | to rest | |||
| trAv | to wait | |||
| tYcO-YvAc | to sleep | |||
| 1 | 1gnUs | case | ||
| 1m | only | |||
| 1nEs | stick | |||
| ârtnU | 1rtnU | example | ||
| âte | 1te | step | ||
| vânav | v1nav | to stretch | ||
| b | baLm | around, about | ||
| bav-nEs | property | |||
| bavu | owner | |||
| b1tev | to join | |||
| bEk | mountain | |||
| bjOrve-bun | team | |||
| bU-bun | community | |||
| bwam | tight | |||
| Ybwam | loose | |||
| bw1naLs | rope | |||
| bYdwun | army | |||
| BYfev | to mix | |||
| bYfE | mix | |||
| bYwev | to slip | |||
| bzUx | structure | |||
| 1Ub2m | either | |||
| ebq | connection | |||
| et-bev | to reach | |||
| EbcOv | to touch | |||
| grab | order | |||
| hYt-be | problem | |||
| hYt-becq | issue | |||
| nac-bUm | common | |||
| nUbzam | complex | |||
| nyELb | chain | |||
| robU | organization | |||
| (rO)-bunz | (pleasure) party | |||
| ruve-bun | (business) company | |||
| tube | meeting | |||
| tUb | system | |||
| tYbse | loss | |||
| tYb-zam | separate | |||
| tYd-Ybsevq | insurance | |||
| ubogtav | to kiss | |||
| utUvU | education | |||
| wYnub | committee | |||
| Yn-bavqm | poor | |||
| Ynsab | group | |||
| Ytbe | solution | |||
| c | carnqm | complete | ||
| cAnqm | ever | |||
| cev | going on | |||
| cEmqm | really | |||
| cEv | to exist | |||
| Eca | material world | |||
| Ec-Lam | global | |||
| vYcEvq | destruction | |||
| d | des | machine | ||
| dEs | instrument | |||
| dYv-Ev | to allow | |||
| ag-cabUvd | online | |||
| bYdev | to fight | |||
| eta-dEv | to apply | |||
| EniOd | scale | |||
| jE-kda | bridge | |||
| mUd | manner, mode, way | |||
| ueda | street | |||
| vEd | tool | |||
| e | em | moving | ||
| ade | adev | adev | to travel, journey | |
| bn1na-ged | train | |||
| jE-ged | boat | |||
| kE-ged | airplane | |||
| nasev | to transport | |||
| ne | speed | |||
| vyevd | brake | |||
| E | Ems | material | ||
| En | mass | |||
| bi-bYgrE | salt | |||
| bEgwad | frame | |||
| brELg | screw | |||
| cYtEd | resource | |||
| drEt-ben | profit | |||
| drEts | price | |||
| drEvs | payment | |||
| drEYv | cost | |||
| dwEk | wood | |||
| miE | heat | |||
| nyEd | net | |||
| nYn-wE | sand | |||
| nYn-YwE | powder | |||
| privE | soap | |||
| riEm | warm | |||
| rEtseva | store | |||
| strEva | market | |||
| twu-drE | tax | |||
| tYkEw | weight | |||
| utga-drEs | ticket | |||
| YtEs | source | |||
| f | fa | (the) here | ||
| fasaLm | local | |||
| Yfam | there | |||
| fA | the now, present | |||
| fEmam | such | |||
| fuga | home | |||
| fU | self | |||
| 1fU | individual | |||
| 1mfem | automatic | |||
| eb-fAm | current | |||
| hYtYfam | strange | |||
| tfAm | still | |||
| tfAv | to update | |||
| tYfgav | to exchange | |||
| Ud-fAm | already, by now | |||
| vrA-fam | available | |||
| YfAm | then | |||
| Ytn1-fevq | choice | |||
| g | gaYfm | instead of | ||
| gaz | gazm | gazm | middle | |
| gaYk | floor | |||
| gnEm | full | |||
| gO | gOv | gOv | to taste | |
| gUm-tiO | test | |||
| gUse | information | |||
| GWad | box | |||
| gyE | hole | |||
| gyEm | hollow | |||
| gYkb5Yg | sock | |||
| betgUz | class | |||
| dugai | window | |||
| fYUgm | however | |||
| kogYg | hat | |||
| kugaz | roof | |||
| mag | circle | |||
| stag | bag | |||
| tagd | key | |||
| tugda | door | |||
| tYgam | out, outward | |||
| tYguYg | coat | |||
| ugavs | building | |||
| vaL-gzEv | to include | |||
| vEz-gav | to include | |||
| viEm-gad | oven | |||
| Ykb5Yg | shoe | |||
| YkuYg | pants | |||
| Yrv-uga | prison | |||
| Y-tagdev | to lock | |||
| h | et-hIv | to request | ||
| kwYhIm | responsible | |||
| thYrq | risk | |||
| YtYr-YhOm | sure | |||
| i | ia | south | ||
| yia | north | |||
| ijiOvd | camera | |||
| ijiOvs | photograph | |||
| iOdE | glass | |||
| iOz | eye | |||
| ita | west | |||
| Ytia | east | |||
| iv | to shine, light | |||
| 1nai | ray | |||
| ajiOs | amap | |||
| Ap-iOsev | to provide | |||
| bnUviOv | to print | |||
| daiv | to | |||
| dugai | to guide | |||
| jiOvs | picture | |||
| kiEz | flame | |||
| nim | bright | |||
| prim | clean | |||
| tOiv | to seem, appear | |||
| tyi-vYkO | shame | |||
| tYk-UiOvs | list | |||
| viOvs | sign | |||
| vUiOd | pencil | |||
| jE-vUiOd | pen | |||
| yiz | shade | |||
| Yn-vUtiOs | note | |||
| Yprim | dirty | |||
| I | IOz | ear | ||
| ak-fUI | title | |||
| bIb | also | |||
| brIvs | song | |||
| brUIv | to approve | |||
| kavei-nI | thunder | |||
| rYrUI | rYrUIv | to argue | ||
| sUIv | to say | |||
| tUIv | to tell | |||
| tYtUI | tYtUIv | tYtUIv | to discuss | |
| uI | voice | |||
| UIvo | story | |||
| Yd-UIv | to protest | |||
| YrI | noise | |||
| YrO-Iv | to cry | |||
| j | jatbem | parallel | ||
| jAe | rhythm | |||
| jAm | regular | |||
| jAfm | just, even | |||
| jUfm | even, just | |||
| jEd | spoon | |||
| jE-dev | to swim | |||
| jEg | bottle | |||
| jEga | sink, basin | |||
| jEk | cloud | |||
| jEkam | level | |||
| jELbE | island | |||
| jEna | sea | |||
| jEos | fish | |||
| jEtgad | cup | |||
| jE-uga | jE-ugav | jE-ugav | to bathe | |
| jEwE | ice | |||
| jiOm | alike | |||
| jiOms | copy | |||
| jnUrm | normal | |||
| Y-jwUrm | wrong | |||
| jrutsev | to reward | |||
| jwUs | law | |||
| jwUskuv | to judge | |||
| jwYz | jwYzev | jwYzev | to rule | |
| jYktEv | to balance | |||
| 1jnUvu | representative | |||
| bijE | milk | |||
| bikjEwE | snow | |||
| bjE-bE | bjE-bEv | to paste | ||
| bjEm | sticky | |||
| bjiOvU | comparison | |||
| bjOrv | to match | |||
| cEjU-rOv | to believe | |||
| gjEm | wet | |||
| YgjEm | dry | |||
| (miE)-jEtkEv | to boil | |||
| ka-jE | rain | |||
| kajEYd | umbrella | |||
| kYkjEL | wave | |||
| mi-jE | paint | |||
| (miE)jEkE | steam | |||
| nEjUrO | credit | |||
| nYjem | various | |||
| odjE | soup | |||
| oLjE | oil | |||
| rO-jE | wine | |||
| tre-vYnYjev | to adjust | |||
| k | kadem | across | ||
| ka-mA | weather | |||
| kaz | top | |||
| k1nam | tall | |||
| kEd | wing | |||
| kEdev | to fly | |||
| kEmOv | to smell | |||
| kEmOz | nose | |||
| kEos | bird | |||
| kEwe | wind | |||
| kEwev | to blow | |||
| krOIv | to laugh | |||
| ku | superior, head | |||
| kunvev | to manage | |||
| kunvevu | manager | |||
| kYgzev | to cover | |||
| bYt-kacqm | dependent | |||
| dYv-tYkev | to drop | |||
| etkev | to jump; | |||
| jakrem | smooth | |||
| nYkam | deep | |||
| okE | breath | |||
| skwEr | support | |||
| takvev | to lift | |||
| tAv-mav | to plan | |||
| tânk | t1nk | degree | ||
| tYkav | to slope | |||
| tYkev | to fall | |||
| vUkwor | support | |||
| YbikE | smoke | |||
| Ykavad | bed | |||
| Ykaz | bottom, base | |||
| Ykb5 | foot | |||
| Yktavd | chair | |||
| Yt-kav | to hang | |||
| L | LeLv | to roll | ||
| tEL | hook | |||
| wYr-tLev | to twist | |||
| yEL | ring | |||
| YLam | straight | |||
| m | ma | shape, form | ||
| mUz | kind | |||
| mYz | quite, just | |||
| uma | figure | |||
| n | na | dimension | ||
| nEmqm | very | |||
| niOv | to measure | |||
| nUz-mIv | to account | |||
| n1nd | brush | |||
| 1n | unit | |||
| 1nas | line | |||
| 2na-E | paper | |||
| 2nam | flat | |||
| ênaz | 2naz | field | ||
| knam | great | |||
| aYn | point | |||
| dnam | wide | |||
| dYnam | narrow | |||
| dnEm | thick | |||
| dYnEm | thin | |||
| Enam | large | |||
| J2nas | square | |||
| knUrms | standard | |||
| od-l2nas | plate | |||
| rE-1nas | wire | |||
| snEn | lots | |||
| teB-nUv | to add | |||
| teB-nYz | total | |||
| vYnEv | to reduce | |||
| wênas | w2nas | board | ||
| Yn2nas | card | |||
| o | oged | leg | ||
| og1i-jE | blood | |||
| ogta | mouth | |||
| ogUz | brain | |||
| og-vYrev | to injure | |||
| og-wE | bone | |||
| og-Yr | injury | |||
| osod | meat | |||
| oYg | skin | |||
| 3zos | insect | |||
| Atod | meal | |||
| bos | domestic animal | |||
| b5zvos | cat | |||
| bros | pet | |||
| Eom | natural | |||
| gode | digestion | |||
| godz | stomach | |||
| grOnod | cake | |||
| iod | vegetable | |||
| kog | head | |||
| LoYt | egg | |||
| nio | grass | |||
| nod | bread | |||
| noYg | hair | |||
| n1nos | snake | |||
| Ogog | heart | |||
| riO-io | flower | |||
| roduv | to cook | |||
| to | seed | |||
| toe | birth | |||
| tokwEz | stem | |||
| trod | medicine | |||
| tYk-ioz | root | |||
| ukbos | horse | |||
| vnom | fertile | |||
| voda | farm | |||
| waubos | dog | |||
| wEYg-to | nut | |||
| Ydro | disease | |||
| YgwE-kot | ||||
| Yrod | poison | |||
| Yr-trovga | hospital | |||
| Ytkioz | branch | |||
| O | Otbe | |||
| Oz | ||||
| bYdwO | ||||
| grOm | ||||
| nYrO | ||||
| trOv | ||||
| tYgrOv | ||||
| UrOm | ||||
| wYdOm | ||||
| YdO | ||||
| yAp-YrO | ||||
| p | pOv | |||
| pwUm | ||||
| pwUnm | ||||
| ApUte | ||||
| bYpAm | ||||
| bYpAv | ||||
| jE-priv | ||||
| kup | ||||
| kYpO | ||||
| neYpOm | ||||
| tYp-tev | ||||
| tYp-vUv | ||||
| YpAz | ||||
| YpnAzm | ||||
| Ypnums | ||||
| r | rOb | |||
| rOv | ||||
| rOvevUs | ||||
| rOvU | ||||
| rqm | ||||
| rUt-Evs | ||||
| rUv | ||||
| bi-grOmod | ||||
| bruntem | ||||
| JYrv-te | ||||
| od-rEgLad | ||||
| nEk-rUm | ||||
| nEk-rU-tEv | ||||
| nYrvOmq | ||||
| pnEk-rUm | ||||
| trEjUm | correct (true) | |||
| trUm | correct (righteous) | |||
| tukO | ||||
| tvOr | ||||
| tYfYr | ||||
| vOrUm | ||||
| YktrUm | ||||
| Yrvs | ||||
| YtYrAm | ||||
| zvYrte | ||||
| s | rO-sevs | |||
| tnusev | ||||
| tsYvpA-tiOs | ||||
| YrsvO | ||||
| t | tab-wev | |||
| tap-tUvma | ||||
| tap-unIv | ||||
| taz | ||||
| tAvmav | ||||
| tOr | ||||
| tUs | ||||
| tUvmav | ||||
| tsOb | ||||
| tsU | ||||
| tsUs | ||||
| twarq | ||||
| twev | ||||
| ytwev | ||||
| twqrm | ||||
| twU | ||||
| tYg-mav | ||||
| tYg-Ytsev | ||||
| tyrO | ||||
| tyrq | ||||
| tYt-wev | ||||
| atev | ||||
| atiO | ||||
| bUtm | ||||
| etO | ||||
| It-vUs | ||||
| jwYz-tUvma | ||||
| mYtta | ||||
| nYtta | ||||
| pYftU | ||||
| stYt-vev | ||||
| UtIO | ||||
| vrYtEzav | ||||
| vU-tAvma | ||||
| vYtUv | ||||
| ytOr | ||||
| Yr-vYtEns | ||||
| u | jYtmu | |||
| jYtvu | ||||
| Lomu | ||||
| pwu | ||||
| tovu | ||||
| Tmu | ||||
| tvu | ||||
| Ynmu | ||||
| Yntu | ||||
| Ynvu | ||||
| Ytmu | ||||
| Ytvu | ||||
| U | U-tUb | |||
| AgU | ||||
| gUOm | ||||
| kam-gUa | ||||
| kcan-gUa | ||||
| kU | ||||
| kUga | ||||
| kU-tUb | ||||
| nUgsa | ||||
| pA-gUw | ||||
| rU-nUm | ||||
| sUgte | ||||
| tYgUvs | ||||
| ugUs | ||||
| Ugz | ||||
| vavUs | ||||
| yU | ||||
| v | vUma | |||
| vUn | ||||
| AvUs | ||||
| EvU | ||||
| nEsvU | ||||
| ruve | ||||
| tYg-vEs | ||||
| tYg-vEv | ||||
| UcO-vAm | ||||
| w | wei | |||
| wYvUm | ||||
| wYvU-kwev | ||||
| wYvUv | ||||
| wyU | ||||
| ApwUvs | ||||
| bwam | ||||
| ew | ||||
| knuw | ||||
| kUw | ||||
| kwev-UI | ||||
| nI-wYd | ||||
| nYr-wom | ||||
| rYwom | ||||
| tUw | ||||
| twqv | ||||
| twYdev | ||||
| tYweOm | ||||
| uwe | ||||
| vetrUwev | ||||
| vow | ||||
| z | znEv | |||
| znUv | ||||
| zwIv | ||||
| 1bzam | ||||
| b2-zEvd | ||||
| buz | ||||
| bzUv | ||||
| dzEm | ||||
| dzEvd | ||||
| f1zUm | ||||
| nEzavd | ||||
| odzev | ||||
| odzEvz | ||||
| YnUz | ||||
| YzUm | ||||
| 25 |
Forms of the Stative Verb To Be
aUI specifies forms of To Be to context to avoid generalizations.
| Roman | µ | is | Example |
| Ec | Ec | materially | That house is big. |
| Uc | Uc | abstract, spiritually, mentally | True love is rare. |
| âmUc | 1mUc | hypothetical, only in the mind | Unicorns are white. |
| oc | oc | by nature, biologically | Grass is green. |
| Oc | Oc | emotionally | She is angry. |
| fOc | fOc | in my feeling | You are beautiful. |
| Øc | qc | conditionally | I am sick. |
| vØc | vqc | made in a condition | The table is green. |
| yEc | yEc | is not | The sky is not green. |
| zØc | zqc | partly in a condition | He is a jerk. |
Pronouns: Personal & Possessive, and Indefinite
*This table only includes indefinite pronouns related to persons. Other indefinite pronouns related to things or place are found in the lower half of the Determiners table.
| Grammatical Person | Roman | µ | English |
| First, singular | fu | fu | I, me |
| — possessive | fum | fum | my |
| First, plural | fnu | fnu | we |
| — pl. poss. | fnum | fnum | our |
| Second, singular | bu | bu | you |
| — poss. | bum | bum | your |
| Second, plural | bnu | bnu | you (pl.) |
| — pl. poss. | bnum | bnum | your (pl.) |
| Third, singular | cu | cu | he/she/gender neutral |
| — poss. | cum | cum | their |
| — sing. fem. | mu | mu | she, her |
| — poss. | mum | mum | her |
| — sing. masc. | vu | vu | he, him |
| — poss. | vum | vum | his |
| Third, plural | nu | nu | they |
| — pl. poss. | num | num | their |
| — pl. fem. | mnu | mnu | they (fem.) |
| — pl. poss. | mnum | mnum | their (fem.) |
| — pl. masc. | vnu | vnu | they (masc.) |
| — pl. poss. | vnum | vnum | their (masc.) |
| Third, inanimate, sing. | sE | sE | it (‘it’s raining’) |
| — poss. | sEm | sEm | its |
| — pl. | snE | snE | they (things) |
| — pl. poss. | snEm | snEm | their (things) |
| — sing. | pIs | pIs | it (referring back to a previous noun) |
| — poss. | pIsm | PIsm | it (referring back to a previous noun) |
| — pl. | pIns | pIns | they (things, mentioned before) |
| — pl. poss. | pInsm | pInsm | their (things, mentioned before) |
| Indefinite Pronouns | |||
| âUbê | 1Ub2 | either | |
| pfa | pfa | there (‘…are many items’) | |
| jYmu | jYmu | anybody | |
| jYmâ | jYm1 | anyone | |
| jYms | jYms | anything | |
| Ymu | Ymu | somebody | |
| Ymâ | Ym1 | someone | |
| Yms | Yms | something | |
| cânu | c1nu | everybody | |
| cânâ | c1n1 | everyone | |
| câns | c1ns | everything | |
| Ycu | Ycu | nobody | |
| Ycâ | Yc1 | no one | |
| Ycs | Ycs | nothing |
Function Words: Articles, Prepositions, & Conjunctions
Usage notes on how to tell prepositions and conjunctions and from adverbs – (which in aUI would take the modifier ending m m, Quality):
- Prepositions are followed by a noun or noun phrase (He fell down the stairs. She went outside the house.)
- Adverbs can stand alone at the end of a sentence (He fell down. She went outside.)
- Conjunctions can followed by a clause and connect two parts of a sentence (We have money for breakfast and shopping.)
- Some can be both prepositions and conjunctions (because, for, before, after, as, until, since)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0VEOm2bBo0
| Part of Speech | Roman | µ | English |
| Articles | yI | yI | a |
| yIn | yIn | a (indefinite), several | |
| pI | pI | the | |
| pIn | pIn | the (plural) | |
| Prepositions | |||
| b | ab | ab | at |
| kab | kab | on | |
| baz | baz | beside | |
| Ab | Ab | at, on (temporal) | |
| eb | eb | with | |
| Ub | Ub | of | |
| Yb | Yb | without | |
| tYb-Yt | tYb-Yt | apart from | |
| d | ad | ad | through |
| kad | kad | across | |
| Ad | Ad | through | |
| ed | ed | through (moving) | |
| Ed | Ed-Ub | by means of (materially) | |
| Ud | Ud | by, by means of (conceptually) | |
| Yd | Yd | against | |
| tYd | tYd | (toward) against | |
| g | ag | ag | in |
| nag | nag | among | |
| tag | tag | into | |
| tYg | tYg | out | |
| Ag | Ag | during, in (temporal) | |
| Ug | Ug | in (mentally) | |
| Yg | Yg | outside* | |
| k | ak | ak | above |
| kad | kad | across | |
| tak | tak | up* | |
| ek | ek | over | |
| Yk | Yk | below | |
| bYk | bYk | under | |
| tYk | tYk | down | |
| L | aL | aL | around, about |
| UL | UL | about | |
| p | ap | ap | before |
| Yp | Yp | behind | |
| Ap | Ap | before (temporal) | |
| yAp | YAp | after | |
| r | rUt | rUt | for |
| t | at | at | to |
| Yt | Yt | from | |
| At | At | until (both prep. & conj.) | |
| Ut | Ut | to (mentally) | |
| YtA | YtA | since | |
| Conjunctions | Ap | Ap | before |
| At | At | until (both prep. & conj.) | |
| âUbê | 1Ub2 | either | |
| Uf | Uf | that | |
| dUt | dUt | in order to, – that, so | |
| dYf | dYf | although | |
| fUd | fUd | so, therefore | |
| Ib | Ib | and | |
| mYt | mYt | than | |
| Øg | Qg | if | |
| Øg-xI | Qg-xI | whether | |
| yUg | yUg | but | |
| yUt | yUt | because, since |
Question Words
In keeping with the general SVO (subject-verb-object) word order, questions need not be inverted. So, as found in the Greetings and Phrases tables: You feel how? instead of ‘How do you feel?’ and You are doing what? instead of ‘What are you doing?’
However, with the two question words that are pronouns, ‘what’ and ‘who’, the question + is can be contracted as in English: “hE’c fAvm?” (What’s new?) or “hu’c tevAm?” (Who’s coming?) so they function as the subject and stay at the beginning.
| Main Question Words | Roman | µ | English |
| ham | ham | ham | where? |
| hat | hat | where-to, whither? | |
| hYtam | hYtam | where-from, whence? | |
| had | had | where through, what way? | |
| hnam | hnam | how big, what dimension? | |
| han | han | what size? | |
| xa | xa | where (conj., prn.) | |
| hAm | hAm | hAm | when? |
| hAd | hAd | what clock time? | |
| hnAm | hnAm | how long? | |
| hAn | hAn | how much time? | |
| hAt | hAt | until when? | |
| hnAn | hnAn | how often? | |
| xA | xA | when (conj., prn.) | |
| hE | hE | hE | what? |
| hnE | hnE | how much? | |
| hEn | hEn | how much? (mass, uncountable) | |
| hnEn | hnEn | how many? (countable) | |
| hUt | hUt | what for? | |
| hmam | hmam | what shape? | |
| hEs | hEs | what thing, which? | |
| hEns | hEns | what things, which? | |
| hu | hu | hu | who? (prn.) |
| hnu | hnu | who? (pl. prn.) | |
| hun | hun | what people? | |
| hum | hum | whose? | |
| hnum | hnum | whose? (pl.) | |
| hnun | hnun | how many people? | |
| hU | hU | who? what? (abstract, conceptual, spiritual) | |
| hmu | hmu | what woman? | |
| hvu | hvu | what man? | |
| xu | xu | who (relative prn.) | |
| xum | xum | whose (rel. prn.) | |
| xU | xU | who (conceptual; rel. prn.) | |
| ho | ho | who? (living thing) | |
| hno | hno | who? (living thing, pl.) | |
| HUd | hUd | HUd | how, by what mental means? |
| hEd | hEd | how, by what material means? | |
| hEm | hEm | how, what kind? (material qualities) | |
| hUm | hUm | how, what kind? (mental qualities) | |
| hØm | hqm | how, under what condition/s? | |
| hYtUm | hYtUm | hYtUm | why, how come? |
| hYt | hYt | how come? what from? | |
| Others | hYtnâ | hYtn1 | [what-from-Many-One]: which one? (prn.) |
| hYtnâm | hYtn1m | which _____? (adj.) | |
| hâs | h1s | which one (thing)? | |
| hEs | hEs | what thing, which? | |
| hEns | hEns | what things? | |
| hânam | h1nam | how long, what length? | |
| him | him | what color? | |
| hIm | HIm | what sound? | |
| hnem | hnem | how fast? |
Determiners: Demonstratives & Quantifiers, with Indefinite Pronouns
*Though determiners often precede nouns or noun phrases and modify them, they are not considered traditional ‘descriptive’ adjectives, but rather ‘limiting’ adjectives; therefore, they don’t necessarily need the usual quality-adjective m -m ending. (In the *starred examples below, the -m ending may make pronunciation a little awkward, but are used in formal speech or writing.)
In this table pronoun versions of the modifying determiners are included so they can be distinguished. Other indefinite pronouns related to persons are found in the lower half of the Pronoun table. The blank following the English modifier definitions reminds us that a noun or noun phrase follows a modifying determiner.
**The alternate form of that and those, containing the element p p, Before, refers to usages where the object has been referred to previously, such as “take those” (shoes, which I mentioned earlier or which I’m pointing to in front of me).
| Indefinite Pronoun | µ | Modifier | µ | English pronoun / modifier | |
| Demonstratives | fE | fE | fEm | fEm | this / this _____ |
| fEn | fEn | fEnm* | fEnm | these / these _____ | |
| YfE pfE | YfE pfE | YfEm pfEm** | YfEm pfEm | that / that _____ | |
| YfEn pfEn | YfEn pfEn | YfEnm* pfEnm** | YfEnm pfEnm | those / those_____ | |
| Quantifiers | can | can | canm* | canm | all / all _____ |
| bê | b2 | bêm | b2m | both / both _____ | |
| (abbrev.) | Ymn* | Ymn | Ym | Ym | any / any _____ some / some _____ |
| jYmn* | jYmn | jYm | jYm | any / any _____ | |
| jYma | jyma | jYmam | jYmam | anywhere (n.)/ anywhere (adv.) | |
| YmYn | YmYn | YnYm | YnYm | some / some _____ | |
| Yma | Yma | Ymam | Ymam | somewhere (n.) / somewhere (adv.) | |
| mYn | mYn | nYm | nYm | several / several _____ | |
| cân | c1n | cân(-fâm) | c1n-f1m | each / each _____ | |
| – | – | cân(-âm) | c1n-1m | every _____ | |
| – | – | cnam | Cnam | everywhere (adv.) | |
| Ycan | Ycan | Ycanm* | Ycanm | none / none (adv.) | |
| nYc | nYc | nYcm | nYcm | none / no _____ | |
| Yca | Yca | Ycam | Ycam | nowhere (n.)/ nowhere (adv.) | |
| ânEk | 1nEk | ânEkm | 1nEkm | another (one more) / another _____ | |
| ânYf | 1nYf | ânYfm | 1nYfm | another (one other) / another _____ | |
| – | – | nYjem | nYjem | various _____ | |
| fmUz | fmUz | fmUzØm | fmUzqm | certain / certain _____ | |
| âUbê | 1Ub2 | âUbêm | 1Ub2m | either / either _____ | |
| bYc | BYc | bYcm | BYcm | neither / neither _____ | |
| trUn | trUn | trUnm | trUnm | enough _____ | |
| trUnØn | trUnqn | trUnØm | trUnqm | sufficient _____ | |
| âmA | 1mA | âpAg | 1pAg | once (n.)/ once (adv.) | |
| bYpA | bYpA | bYpAm | bYpAm | next (n.)/ next _____ | |
| yAp-nâ | yAp-n1 | yAp-nâm | yAp-n1m | last (n.) / last _____ | |
| nE | nE | nEm | nEm | much / much _____ | |
| nEn | nEn | nEnm* | nEnm | many / many _____ | |
| nEk | nEk | nEkm* | nEkm | more / more _____ | |
| pnEk | pnEk | pnEkm* | pnEkm | most / most _____ | |
| YnEn | YnEn | YnEnm* | YnEnm | few / few _____ | |
| nEk-YnEn | nEk-YnEn | nEk-YnEnm* | nEk-YnEnm | fewer / fewer _____ | |
| pnEk-YnEn | pnEk-YnEn | pnEk-YnEnm* | pnEk-YnEnm | fewest / fewest _____ | |
| YnE | YnE | YnEm | YnEm | little / little _____ | |
| YnEk | YnEk | YnEkm* | YnEkm | less / less _____ | |
| pYnEk | pYnEk | pYnEkm* | pYnEkm | least (n.) / least _____ |
Ordinal Numbers & Cardinal Numbers above Ten
| Noun | µ | Modifier | µ | English | ||
| nâ | n1 | nâm | n1m | first | ||
| nê | n2 | nêm | n2m | second | ||
| nî | n3 | nîm | n3m | third | ||
| nû | n4 | nûm | n4m | fourth | ||
| nô | n5 | nôm | n5m | fifth | ||
| n | n6 | nÂm | n6m | sixth | ||
| nÊ | n7 | nÊm | n7m | seventh | ||
| nÎ | n8 | nÎm | n8m | eighth | ||
| nÛ | n9 | nÛm | n9m | ninth | ||
| nÔ | n10 | nÔm | n10m | tenth |
Numbers above 20 can be either fully written out (2×10+ones) as in the fourth line below, or simply enumerated in order (2,5 for 25) as in the sixth below. An example of both ways is shown in the last row for numbers over 100.
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| Ôâ | Ôê | Ôî | Ôû | Ôô | ÔÂ | ÔÊ | ÔÎ | ÔÛ | êÔ |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| êÔâ | êÔê | êÔî | êÔû | êÔô | êÔÂ | êÔÊ | êÔÎ | êÔÛ | îÔ |
| or: | |||||||||
| êâ | êê | êî | êû | êô | ê | êÊ | êÎ | êÛ | îÔ |
| 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 115 | 201 | 1000 |
| ûÔ | ôÔ | ÂÔ | ÊÔ | ÎÔ | ÛÔ | Ôkê | ââô or Ôkê–Ôô | êŶâ or ê–Ôkê–â | Ôkî |
Colors
Colors are defined by quality of wavelength; mixtures of prime colors become combinations of primary wavelengths.
| âi | âim | 1im | red | |
| tâim | t1-im | pink | ||
| â-êim | 1-2im | orange | ||
| êi | êim | 2im | yellow | |
| îi | îim | 3im | green | |
| î-âim | 3-1im | brown | ||
| ûi | ûim | 4im | blue | |
| ôi | ôim | 5im | violet | |
| â-ôim | 1-5im | purple | ||
| bi | bim | bim | white | |
| bYbim | bYbim | gray | ||
| Ybi | Ybim | Ybim | black |
Comprehensive List of aUI Bases: Nouns, Verbs, & Modifiers
(Bases: combinations of up to 4 elements that form the roots of compound words and formulations.)
Note: words* with asterisks can be considered abbreviations or colloquial forms that also have slightly longer, more formal or precise versions.
| Main Concept | Roman | Derivative | µ | English |
| a | am | am | spatial | |
| av | av | to go | ||
| tav | tav | to go (directional) | ||
| vav | vav | to send | ||
| A | Am | Am | temporal | |
| Av | Av | to last | ||
| vAv* | vAv | to make last, preserve | ||
| b | ba | ba | nearness | |
| bam | bam | near | ||
| Ybam | Ybam | far | ||
| bav | bav | to have | ||
| bâv | b1v | to join | ||
| bE | bE | solid | ||
| bEk | bEk | mountain | ||
| bEm | bEm | solid | ||
| bEn | bEn | earth | ||
| bi | bi | whiteness | ||
| bim | bim | white | ||
| bo | bo | cohabitation | ||
| bov | bov | to cohabitate | ||
| AbØ | Abq | continuum | ||
| AbØm | Abqm | continuous | ||
| ebØ | ebq | connection | ||
| ebØm | ebqm | connected | ||
| YbØm | Ybqm | without | ||
| bô | b5 | hand | ||
| bôd | b5d | handle | ||
| bôm | b5m | manual | ||
| bôz | b5z | finger | ||
| c | cev | cev | ‘going on’, happen | |
| cEv | cEv | to be, to exist (materially) | ||
| cEm | cEm | real | ||
| cO | cO | sense | ||
| cOm | cOm | sensory | ||
| cOv | cOv | to sense | ||
| cmO | CmO | sensation | ||
| cU | cU | existence | ||
| cUm | cUm | existential | ||
| cUv | cUv | to be, to exist (mentally) | ||
| cvU | cvU | actuality | ||
| Yc | Yc | not | ||
| cYv | cYv | to happen | ||
| d | da | da | way (path) | |
| das | das | path | ||
| dav | dav | to travel | ||
| des | des | machine | ||
| dev | dev | to pass (by, through) | ||
| Ed | Ed | material means | ||
| dE | dE | medium | ||
| dEv | dEv | to use | ||
| vEd | vEd | tool | ||
| dYv | dYv | to let | ||
| YdO | YdO | hate | ||
| YdOv | YdOv | to hate | ||
| wYdO | wYdO | anger | ||
| e | em | em | moving | |
| yem | yem | still, un-moving | ||
| yev | Yev | to stop | ||
| ev | ev | to move | ||
| vev | vev | to drive, make move | ||
| E | Em | Em | material | |
| yEm | yEm | void, immaterial | ||
| Ev | Ev | to do | ||
| vEv | vEv | to make | ||
| f | fa | fa | the here, this space | |
| fam | fam | here | ||
| pfa | pfa | there, (prn., n.; the space mentioned before) | ||
| pfam | pfam | there (modif., conj.) | ||
| Yfa | Yfa | there, other space | ||
| Yfam | Yfam | there | ||
| fA | fA | the now, present | ||
| fAm | fAm | now, present | ||
| fAvm | fAvm | new | ||
| pfA | pfA | then, the time before (n.) | ||
| pfAm | pfAm | then (modif., conj.) | ||
| fiA | fiA | today | ||
| fiAm | fiAm | today | ||
| pfiA | pfiA | yesterday | ||
| fiAt | fiAt | tomorrow | ||
| fU | fU | self | ||
| fUd | fUd | thus | ||
| g | ga | ga | room | |
| gam | gam | interior | ||
| Yga | Yga | outside, outdoors | ||
| Ygam | Ygam | exterior, outer, outside, outdoors | ||
| gav | gav | to contain | ||
| uga | uga | house | ||
| Yga | Yga | outside, outdoors | ||
| gua | gua | dwelling | ||
| gad | gad | container | ||
| ge* | ge | entrance, entry (the instance of entering) | ||
| ged | ged | vehicle | ||
| gev* | gev | to move (while inside) | ||
| gE | gE | content | ||
| gEm* | gEm | full | ||
| gEv | gEv | to fill | ||
| gO | gO | taste | ||
| gOv | gOv | to taste | ||
| gU | gU | knowledge | ||
| gUa | gUa | school | ||
| gUv | gUv | to know | ||
| gUw | gUw | science | ||
| AgU | AgU | memory | ||
| AgUv | AgUv | to remember | ||
| uga | uga | house | ||
| fuga | fuga | home | ||
| uYg | uYg | clothing | ||
| Uga | Uga | institute | ||
| UgO | UgO | taste (conceptual) | ||
| Ugs | Ugs | book | ||
| Ugz | Ugz | page | ||
| h | hI | hI | question | |
| hIv | hIv | to ask, question | ||
| YhI | YhI | answer | ||
| YhIv | YhIv | to answer | ||
| hO | hO | doubt | ||
| hOm | hOm | doubtful | ||
| YhO | YhO | certainty | ||
| YhOm | YhOm | sure, certain/ly | ||
| i | im | im | light, bright | |
| iv | iv | to shine | ||
| viv | viv | to light, turn on the light | ||
| ia | ia | south | ||
| iam | iam | south | ||
| yia | yia | north | ||
| yiam | yiam | north | ||
| iA | iA | day | ||
| iAm | iAm | daily | ||
| iAz | iAz | hour | ||
| yiA | yiA | night | ||
| yiAm | yiAm | nightly | ||
| ei | ei | spark | ||
| eiv | eiv | to spark | ||
| iE | iE | fire | ||
| iEm | iEm | hot | ||
| iEv | iEv | to burn | ||
| yiE | yiE | coldness | ||
| yiEm | yiEm | cold | ||
| iO | iO | sight | ||
| iOv | iOv | to see | ||
| tiOv | tiOv | to look | ||
| iv | iv | to shine, light (up) | ||
| Ui | Ui | perception | ||
| Uis | Uis | image (mental) | ||
| yiv | Yiv | to darken | ||
| I | Im | yI | sounding | |
| yIm | yIm | silent | ||
| Iv | Iv | to sound | ||
| vIv | vIv | to make sound | ||
| yIv | YIv | to be silent | ||
| IO | IO | hearing | ||
| IOv | IOv | to hear | ||
| tIOv | tIOv | to listen | ||
| mIn | mIn | pitch | ||
| uI | uI | voice | ||
| uIv | uIv | to voice | ||
| UI | UI | word | ||
| UIv | UIv | to speak, talk | ||
| fUI | fUI | name | ||
| fUIv | fUIv | to name, call | ||
| sUIv | sUIv | to say | ||
| tUIv | tUIv | to tell | ||
| vIv | vIv | to make sound | ||
| j | jam | jam | same | |
| Yjam | Yjam | different | ||
| jAm | jAm | regular | ||
| YjAm | YjAm | irregular | ||
| jem | jem | steady | ||
| Yjem | Yjem | unsteady, varying | ||
| jev | jev | to move steadily | ||
| jE | jE | liquid | ||
| jEm | jEm | liquid | ||
| jEv* | jEv | to drink | ||
| ejE | ejE | stream | ||
| ejEn | ejEn | river | ||
| jEd | jEd | spoon | ||
| jEg | jEg | bottle | ||
| jEn | jEn | water | ||
| jI | jI | homophony | ||
| jIm | jIm | homophonous | ||
| jOm | jOm | like | ||
| YjOm | YjOm | unlike | ||
| jiOs | JiOs | likeness, image | ||
| jiOm | JiOm | alike | ||
| jiOv | JiOv | to depict | ||
| jU | jU | equality | ||
| jUm | jUm | equal | ||
| jUv | jUv | to equal | ||
| YjU | YjUv | difference | ||
| YjUm | YjUm | unequal, different | ||
| YjUv | YjUv | to differ | ||
| bjU | bjU | in common | ||
| bjUm | bjUm | agreeing | ||
| bjUv | bjUv | to agree | ||
| cEjU | cEjU | truth | ||
| k | ka | ka | highness | |
| kam | kam | high | ||
| kav | kav | to stand | ||
| kan | kan | sky | ||
| kev | kev | to above-move | ||
| kE | kE | gas | ||
| kEd | kEd | wing | ||
| kEdz | kEdz | feather | ||
| kEm | kEm | gaseous | ||
| kEn | kEn | air | ||
| okE | okE | breath | ||
| okEv | okEv | to breathe | ||
| ki | ki | star | ||
| kim | kim | starry | ||
| âki | 1ki | sun | ||
| âkim | 1kim | solar | ||
| êki | 2ki | moon | ||
| êkim | 2kim | lunar | ||
| ikA | ikA | noon | ||
| kO | kO | elation | ||
| kOm | kOm | elated | ||
| ku | ku | superior, head, leader, sir | ||
| kU | kU | God | ||
| kUm | kUm | divine | ||
| L | La | La | roundness | |
| Lam | Lam | round | ||
| YLam | yLam | straight | ||
| Las | Las | ball | ||
| Le | Le | curve | ||
| Lev | Lev | |||
| Led | Led | wheel | ||
| yEL | yEL | ring | ||
| m | ma | ma | shape, form | |
| mam | mam | formal | ||
| mav | mav | to shape, form | ||
| maL | maL | circle | ||
| mA | mA | situation | ||
| mi | mi | color | ||
| mim | mim | colored | ||
| miv | miv | to color | ||
| mO | mO | sensitivity | ||
| mOm | mOm | sensitive | ||
| cmO | CmO | sensation (5 senses) | ||
| cmOm | CmOm | sensitive (5 senses) | ||
| mØ | mQ | definition | ||
| mØm | mqm | defined | ||
| mØv | mqv | to define | ||
| mU | mU | quality | ||
| mUv | mUv | to qualify | ||
| mUd | mUd | manner, mode, way | ||
| n | an | an | size | |
| na | na | dimension | ||
| nam | nam | big | ||
| Yna | Yna | small space | ||
| Ynam | Ynam | small | ||
| nA | nA | a long time | ||
| nAm | nAm | long (temporal) | ||
| ne | ne | speed | ||
| nem | nem | fast, quick | ||
| nev | nev | to speed | ||
| Yne | Yne | slowness | ||
| Ynem | Ynem | slow, slowly | ||
| En | En | mass | ||
| ni | ni | brightness | ||
| nim | nim | bright | ||
| nI | nI | loudness | ||
| nIm | nIm | loud | ||
| nO | nO | ardor | ||
| nOm | nOm | ardent | ||
| nØ | nq | plenty | ||
| nØm | nqm | plenty | ||
| nU | nU | quantity | ||
| nUm | nUm | great | ||
| nUv | nUv | to quantify | ||
| nUI | nUI | language | ||
| ân | 1n | unit | ||
| âna | 1na | length, first dimension | ||
| ânam | 1nam | long | ||
| êna | 2na | flatness, second dimension | ||
| ênam | 2nam | flat | ||
| mUn | mUn | number | ||
| o | oa | oa | living space | |
| oA | oA | life time | ||
| cov | cov | to subsist | ||
| od | od | food | ||
| do | do | nourishment | ||
| dov | dov | to eat | ||
| om | om | alive | ||
| eo | eo | animal | ||
| io | io | plant | ||
| iod | iod | vegetable | ||
| pio | pio | algae | ||
| kio | kio | tree | ||
| tio | tio | sprout | ||
| tiov | tiov | to sprout | ||
| yio | yio | mushroom, fungus | ||
| og | og | body | ||
| oga | oga | body cavity | ||
| oged | oged | leg | ||
| ogz | ogz | organ | ||
| kog | kog | head | ||
| os | os | living thing, animal | ||
| ubos | ubos | domestic animal | ||
| bros | bros | pet | ||
| Ytos | Ytos | parent (of living thing) | ||
| to | to | seed | ||
| ot | ot | fruit | ||
| LoYt | LoYt | egg | ||
| ov | ov | to live | ||
| vov | vov | to procreate | ||
| voz | voz | sex | ||
| yov | Yov | to die | ||
| vyov | vyov | to kill | ||
| O | Om | Om | feeling | |
| yOm | yOm | unfeeling | ||
| Oe | Oe | exitement | ||
| Oem | Oem | excited | ||
| rO | rO | pleasure | ||
| rOm | rOm | pleasant | ||
| rOv | rOv | to feel good | ||
| YrO | YrO | displeasure, pain | ||
| YrOm | YrOm | unpleasant | ||
| nYrO | nYrO | pain | ||
| OU | OU | soul | ||
| Ov | Ov | to feel | ||
| vOv | vOv | to make feel, impress | ||
| p | pa | pa | front | |
| pam | pam | front | ||
| Ypam | Ypam | back | ||
| pav* | pav | to precede | ||
| apm | apm | before | ||
| pA | pA | past | ||
| pAm | pAm | past | ||
| YpAm | YpAm | after | ||
| Apm | Apm | before | ||
| pe | pe | beginning | ||
| pi | pi | glittering | ||
| pim | pim | glittering | ||
| pu | pu | principal, chief | ||
| pum | pum | principal-, chief-like | ||
| pO | pO | expectation | ||
| pOm | pOm | expectant | ||
| YpO | YpO | suddeness | ||
| YpOm | YpOm | sudden | ||
| pU | pU | principle | ||
| pUm | pUm | principle | ||
| YpU | YpU | metaphysic | ||
| YpUm | YpUm | metaphysical | ||
| Q | Øm | Qm | conditional | |
| yØm | yQm | unconditional | ||
| Øv | Qv | to do conditionally | ||
| vØv | vQv | to condition | ||
| r | rAO | rAO | tact | |
| rAOm | rAOm | tactful | ||
| rem | rem | working | ||
| rev | rev | to work (function) | ||
| riv | riv | to shine, gleam | ||
| rE | rE | metal | ||
| rEm | rEm | metal | ||
| drE | drE | money | ||
| drEm | drEm | monetary | ||
| rim | rim | shiny, bright | ||
| rin | rin | shine | ||
| riO | riO | beauty | ||
| riOm | riOm | beautiful | ||
| rI | rI | pleasant sound | ||
| rIO | rIO | euphony | ||
| rIm | rIm | euphonic | ||
| rIv | rIv | to sound good | ||
| rIb | rIb | harmony (musical) | ||
| brI | brI | melody | ||
| brId | brId | musical instrument | ||
| brIv | brIv | to sing | ||
| ro | ro | health | ||
| rod | rod | health food | ||
| rog | rog | well (health) | ||
| rom | rom | healthy | ||
| rov | rov | to thrive | ||
| rOb | rOb | harmony | ||
| brO | brO | love (affection) | ||
| brOm | brOm | dear | ||
| brOv | brOv | like, love, have affection for | ||
| krO | krO | happiness | ||
| krOm | krOm | happy, joyous | ||
| krOv | krOv | to feel happy | ||
| UrO | UrO | joy | ||
| UrOm | UrOm | joyful | ||
| UrOv | UrOv | to feel joyful | ||
| rØ | rq | good condition | ||
| rØg | rqg | fine (‘I’m fine’) | ||
| rØm | rqm | good (condition) | ||
| ru | ru | gentleperson, Mr., Ms. | ||
| rU | rU | goodness | ||
| rUm | rUm | good | ||
| rUg | rUg | well (mentally) | ||
| rUv | rUv | to do good | ||
| YrU | YrU | evil | ||
| YrUm | YrUm | evil | ||
| YrUv | YrUv | to evil, sin | ||
| rUI | rUI | praise | ||
| rUIv | rUIv | to praise | ||
| rUO | rUO | trust | ||
| rUOm | rUmOm | trusting | ||
| rUOv | rUOv | to trust | ||
| rUs | rUs | sake | ||
| Ur | Ur | yes | ||
| Urm | Urm | positive | ||
| Yr | Yr | no | ||
| Yrm | Yrm | negative | ||
| nUr | nUr | value | ||
| nUrm | nUrm | valuable | ||
| nUrv | nUrv | to value | ||
| s | as | as | place | |
| sav* | sav | to put | ||
| sev* | sev | to give | ||
| Es | Es | thing | ||
| is | is | (light) spot | ||
| Os | Os | feeling | ||
| us | us | person | ||
| Us | Us | thought | ||
| t | taz | taz | direction | |
| tA | tA | future | ||
| tAm | tA | future | ||
| te | te | toward movement (as opposed to away) | ||
| tev | tev | to come | ||
| tOr | tOr | please | ||
| YtOr | YtOr | thanks | ||
| Yte | Yte | departure | ||
| Ytev | Ytev | to go, leave | ||
| tre | tre | practice | ||
| trem | trem | practical | ||
| trev | trev | to practice | ||
| tse | tse | offer | ||
| tsev | tsev | to offer | ||
| tsO | tsO | want | ||
| tsOb | tsOb | desire (n.) | ||
| tU | tU | striving | ||
| tUs | tUs | effect | ||
| tUw | tUw | effort | ||
| tUv | tUv | to strive | ||
| tsU | tsU | purpose | ||
| tsUs | tsUs | result | ||
| YtU | YtU | origin | ||
| YtUm | YtUm | original | ||
| YtUs | YtUs | cause | ||
| YtUv | YtUv | to originate | ||
| YtUw | YtUw | reason | ||
| u | um | um | human | |
| yum | inhuman | |||
| tu | tu | child | ||
| tum | tum | childish | ||
| Ytu | Ytuv | parent | ||
| Ytuv | Ytu | to parent | ||
| Ytmu | Ytmu | mother | ||
| Ytvu | Ytvu | father | ||
| ut | ut | adult | ||
| uv- | uv | human-made, artificial | ||
| U | UE | UE | substance | |
| Um | Um | mental, spiritual, conceptual | ||
| Uv | Uv | to think | ||
| iU | iU | understanding | ||
| iUs | iUs | idea | ||
| iUv | iUv | to understand | ||
| v | vav | vav | to send | |
| vavs | vavs | parcel | ||
| ved | ved | motor | ||
| vem | vem | active | ||
| Yvem | Yvem | inactive | ||
| vIm | VIm | sonorous | ||
| vU | vU | action | ||
| vUm | vUm | active | ||
| YvUm | YvUm | passive | ||
| vUv | vUv | to act | ||
| vYv | vYv | to stun | ||
| w | wa | wa | territory | |
| wam | wam | able | ||
| Ywam | Ywam | unable | ||
| wav | wav | can, to be able | ||
| Uwa | Uwa | office | ||
| we | we | thrust | ||
| wem | wem | moving powerfully | ||
| wev | wev | to thrust, power move | ||
| wei | wei | electricity | ||
| weim | weim | electric, electrical | ||
| wE | wE | hardness, stone | ||
| wEm | wEm | hard | ||
| YwEm | YwEm | soft | ||
| wEn | wEn | stone | ||
| wEs | wEs | stone | ||
| wEz | wEz | rock | ||
| wo | wo | strength | ||
| wom | wom | strong | ||
| Ywom | Ywom | weak | ||
| wO | wO | emotional strength | ||
| wOm | wOm | brave | ||
| twO | twO | dare | ||
| twOr | twOr | entreaty | ||
| twOv | twOv | to dare | ||
| wØm | wqm | able (have the conditions) | ||
| YwØm | Ywqm | unable | ||
| uwe | uwe | labor | ||
| uwev | uwev | to labor | ||
| ruwe | ruwe | work | ||
| wU | wU | power | ||
| wUm | wUm | powerful | ||
| wYd | wYd | weapon | ||
| wYv | wYv | must | ||
| Y | yU | yU | opposite (concept) | |
| yUm | yUm | negative, opposite | ||
| yUv | yUv | to oppose | ||
| vYv | vYv | to stun | ||
| z | az | az | side | |
| zam | zam | partial (partly) | ||
| Yzam | Yzam | whole | ||
| zav | zav | to part (spatially) | ||
| zev | zev | to part (as a movement) | ||
| Ez | Ez | element | ||
| zE | zE | part | ||
| zEb | zEb | compound | ||
| zEd | zEd | blade | ||
| zEj | zEj | proportion | ||
| zEm | zEm | part, partly | ||
| YzEm | YzEm | whole | ||
| zEs | zEs | part | ||
| zEv | zEv | to split | ||
| dzEv | dzEv | to cut | ||
| oz | oz | cell | ||
| Oz | Oz | nerve | ||
| uz | uz | role | ||
| Uz | Uz | concept | ||
| zU | zU | part (concept) | ||
| zUm | zUm | part, partly | ||
| YzUm | YzUm | general | ||
| zUv | zUv | to part (conceptually) | ||
| YzUv | yzUv | to generalize | ||
| zwE | zwE | break | ||
| zwEv | zwEv | to break |
550 Basic aUI Words adapted from Basic English
This list constitutes the remainder adapted from the original 850 Basic English wordlist; the initial 300 are found above in the Essential Nouns, Verbs, and Modifiers. Neither list contains words that are found in other tables above (Pronouns, Function words, Questions words, Determiners, Colors, and Numbers) with a few exceptions.
Note: Due to the extensive polysemy in English, many of these words have other, different meanings. When a word is listed as commonly used (in various lists such as Basic English or arrived at via statistical usage), it does specify which meaning is meant! So, here we have chosen the simpler meaning. Formulations for other meanings are found in the official aUI Dictionary.